Sub-Saharan Africa hasn’t been well armed in the past to face great scourges of child health. These were principally malnutrition, diverse infectious and parasitic diseases, and AIDS. In this region of the globe, the highest rate of under-five mortality has always been registered. Right now, this region doesn’t appear to be sufficiently prepared to face the challenges imposed by the epidemiological transition it is insidiously going through. Access to healthcare here is highly compromised by the almost absence of social security systems in most of the countries. As infectious diseases (main causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in Africa) regress, we notice an epidemiological transition marked by the emergence of non-communicable diseases. Henceforth, health authorities will face sickle cell disease, cardiopathies, obesity and diabetes in children; illnesses which were neglected before. It is worthwhile to acknowledge that the capacity of hospitals might risk not being sufficient to take on the new challenges. If noncommunicable diseases (NCD) continue to be ignored, we have reasons to fear that by the end, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) would not also have been achieved by 2030.