Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem associated with high morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic burden. Despite recent advances in pathogenesis and effective Standard of Care (SOC) therapy, the incidence of end stage renal disease remains high, attributed to the complex and diverse pathophysiological pathways in progression of CKD. Among the many pathogenetic pathways, inflammation plays the most central role in disease progression and related complications. Current SOC treatment to slow CKD progression has not adequately addressed these complex processes as a result of persistence of low-grade inflammation occurring at all stages of CKD. Previous attempts to address the inflammatory pathway with specific anti-inflammatory agents were, in certain cases discontinued for reasons ranging from drug safety to efficacy concerns, and business development decisions. Recent research findings demonstrating direct correlation between systemic inflammation associated gut microbiota changes and CKD progression, provided a potential novel therapeutic approach to target the inflammatory pathways. Exploring current scientific knowledge of modulating gut microbiome with microbiome-based therapies provides options in addressing these complex pathogenetic mechanisms of CKD-induced inflammation.

The purpose of this minireview is to discuss the role of inflammation associated with gut microbiome changes in CKD progression and gut microbiome-based therapeutic options to slow CKD progression.

sushihouse kolstads americanpridefasteners trueforge hotelposeidon youngswoodfinishing arditomason thebestofreno eeclongisland doktervanhecke famsales adla bogatylaw prefplastics kirbycontractinginc unlsp boban dottoressaromolimonica thebestofsanfrancisco vernix digitaldocuments tristatepropertybrokers sotrafib cemcorpny agenziaimmobiliarebuti joesitalianfoodmarket corpoguardiedicitta icsatc antoniniassicurazioni besel strappedincarseatsafety drevobeton blessingconstructionny centre-endorphine qmbtunisia elearning 357 mpress rrappliance ciaautomazioni antikva stubbanvel tacticalpublicrelations mpulshnk paulyboybrand lordshoes ijd-procom thebestrestaurants atkpalvelut ceat leonfukspc pilotexamssa ashgrovecabins universalshielding thebestofcharlotte johnjmazurinc rollnroaster thecabinetwarehouse pocketchangeduo thebestofmilwaukee resan sooli vwe centralwindowcleaning reinforcedplasticslab bugbustersofli ciandrigiardini arfada centrumeigenwijs thebestofmemphis maisonpearly islipll dcgraphicsinc agetranquille relisandroth thebestofcharleston traiteur-wn safi-ingenierie justmyvoice harrishardware louisbarbatolandscaping brightstartoursworld rga-insurance calacatajumper ezantia mrcheapocds van4holiday cigap richtour fagyhatar sicc weshopmall ventovuori sobatrapcapbon unityrubberllc thebestofsaltlakecity ircinc sescoindustries connply storen-servicesenter psnry greatneckcollision ironfitendurance tuscanycountryhouse sansovinocalcio bbradydesign samsam vdtarification springersoil thebestofdayton milantechnology labradoodlesoflongisland daliamohamed theconsultantpowerhouse gunnbrush kruunuosk shulmanproduce balcosupply conso-med federalnetworks bellmoreglass alwaysaffordableconcrete jayteeinsurance carolina-cabins cmorfinance stretchritepackaging dishaairwaysenterprise biocontrol distribio peterivill lcc inspekta jvidesigns royalroseinc calabriapizza fadhila prato-pronto-effetto arbemachine olsonelectricnj tkbl tuttifotokft alpernmd ggsupplywholesale almaxcorporation sotuflex ecustomgutter studenipotok metal-lineconcept rettsodontologi nutecsystems aclotbeach gjonnes-bygg cavalierinternational mnemos southfloridashuttles ajchemicalsupply rachelsfireisland concepto nesponge ultimatestylesofamerica techniquesmadeeasydrivingschool stevesmeatsfreeport eastwest gritbrush plussplan biosens viltkam wikaya paintballconcept justmyvoice securecarkeysupply justmyvoice allcountylegal catt plugandcharge ttandlcontracting justmyvoice islandboatlettering gms-tunisie sportsiena bloeiop touchofclasscollision kotekservice ittoscana pallongislandlacrosse industrialfinishings painoutband rakvag-batforening konemies rrfamilychiropractic infienile shbcgroup footpharmacydirect scuolaguidaprato ans-nettoyage autoskola saafa autolaky1 fixcars longislandelitelandscaping rayscan palaconstruction studio44 crealhome viniferi gavinburke ciprianigiardini davidpokorny osteriailcapodaglio thebestoffairfax centroorafofaccioli ateliervb bbdps thebestoffresno prodigus stratpak umisushirestaurant sotim suldalrenovasjon amer-equip k-kleven jerryspridepotatoes neuroky psicologozampoli jjslandscaping thebestofoklahomacity responsivesales paratie-antiallagamento-shop hearproof cfat ruspinameubles planetbioplastics lynbrook-plumber fcdf-ye brechanparkett valley-stream-plumber diagnosismaker aquavaria jedit garageennour heimdalbygg thebestoflittlerock raybomarine bayshorepaper gmstowing potatura-abbattimento-piante thebestoflouisville michaelalbert thebestofannarbor unitypavers mtnfueloil durub-mudiya lesgensdere dormerking thusney italianvistatravel maiemad gtiuniformcleaning suddenimpactli levituuli sourisalavie mayoiltank mschwartzfeather rands arieslimousines orthoticworld longislandcocktailhours waterjet allislandpaving dukediagnostic klfgoteborg yanezviaggi apruk decogato springeroilltd semapsolar irisgioiellicomprooro msedpsoftware fourcmanagement holemans 7consulting medinet evertile robertwitcomblandscape ceramics adrobotengineering volt-energy huisjacobs chimneyserviceboston eastmainstdental gcbt rememberingbriank elligiardiniespurghi paulslandscaping luisrestorations mgstunisie fixcarsny crcdd hotelprincipessalucca turvahallinta ralphjr thales irrigazione-giardini spantecsystems biomedic fgt-trading sols-egypt spectrumlaboratoriesinc prosecurite spongewarehouse afsainc dellafrancadevelopmentgroup leragazzedifirenze ferrettiwatches dovreentreprenor digitalhvac mostlymica fleurs-velghe autoscuolalebadie interlockingrubbertiles meadowcreekhoa bcn corpjetsupport jrkitchensflooring arteletti