The nervous system is in charge of body control and communication. It is made up of a complex network of nerves and specialised cells. According to the World Health Organization, neurological disorders are diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems (WHO). Neurological disorders affect the brain, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, and spinal cord, and include neurotraumatic diseases such as stroke and spinal cord injury, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and neuropsychological disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. Acute and slow neuron degeneration characterises neurological disorders, leading to brain malfunction and neuronal cell death. Some of the underlying molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration include changes in phospholipid metabolism, accumulation of lipid peroxides, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, abnormal protein aggregation, decreased cellular energy levels, disturbed calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, dysregulated hormonal signalling, and apoptosis